It is also a Makki surah according to the opinion of the majority of companions and Tabi'een as well as the vast sound narrations documented its cause of revelation. The reason behind their disagreement here is generally because of weak and fabricated narrations. It is also a Makki surah as reported in sound narrations on the authority of ibn Abbas, Mujahid, Abu Talahah, Qatadah, Sa'id ibn Jubayr and others. It is also more likely a Makki surah with some Madani verses (such as verse 43), because the overall structure of the surah is highly similar to the Makki surahs. "The majority (of scholars) agree this is a Makki surah." (Ibn Ashur, al-Tahreer wa al-Tanweer, Vol. This is the opinion of the majority of scholars, as ibn Ashur reported: It is more likely a Makki surah as it was a part of prayers that was initiated in the first year of ba'thah.
But bear in mind, any surah could have one or more verses from the other category, but the rule here is for the overall nature.
Most scholars disagree on 12 surahs, I will here do my best, based mostly on the works done by the scholar ibn Ashur to evaluate these surahs identifying which surah could more likely belong to which category. These twenty surahs are the following: al-Baqarah, Aal Imran, al-Nisa'a, al-Ma'idah, al-Anfaal, al-Tawbah, al-Noor, al-Ahzab, Muhammad, al-Fath, al-Hujurat, al-Hadeed, al-Mujadilah, al-Hashr, al-Mumtahanah, al-Jumu'ah, al-Munafiqoon, al-Talaq, al-Tahreem and al-Nasr. There are twenty surahs mostly agreed upon by scholars based on narrations of companions, tabi'een and later narrators. They were organised in a poem by the six-century mufassir Abu al-Hasan al-Hassar and used and authorised by later scholars. In many of the surahs, there are one or more verses that belong to the other category, i.e., meccan surahs may contain medinan verses and vice versa however the identification discussed here is for the overall and the main nature of the surah. The later editor scholars (al-muhaqiqun) could identify three main categories: agreed upon Madani surahs (20 surahs), agreed upon Makki surahs (82 surahs) and disputed surahs (12 surahs). They also disagree based on their definition of each term, as clarified above, as well as the elements and characteristics they suggest help identify which surah belongs to which category. There is a very hot debate over the Makki and Madani surahs because they were not identified by the Prophet (saw), rather they are based on a large number of often contradicting (weak and sound) narrations as well as the ijtihad of scholars identifying them. The latter definition is more accurate and soundly accepted by most of the classical scholars of Ulum al-Qur'an. Scholars define the Makki (Meccan) and Madani (Medinan) surahs with one of three definitions: Makki is what had been revealed in Mecca and Madani is what was revealed in Medina Makki is what speaks about the people of Mecca and Madani is what speaks about the people of Medina Makki is what had been revealed before Hijrah (even if it was outside Mecca) and Madani is what was revealed after Hijrah (even if revealed in Mecca or outside Medina). There are about 25 five Madani surahs (Al-Baqarah, Aal Imran, al-Nisa'a, al-Ma'idah, al-Anfaal, al-Tawbah, al-Noor, al-Ahzab, Muhammad, al-Fath, al-Hujurat, al-Hadeed, al-Mujadilah, al-Hashr, al-Mumtahanah, al-Saff, al-Jumu'ah, al-Munafiqoon, al-Taghabun, al-Talaq, al-Tahreem, al-Mutafifeen, al-Qadr, al-Baynah and al-Nasr) and 89 Makki surahs (the rest of the surahs).
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